The Basics

Primary sources are original, uninterpreted information.

Firsthand accounts--words, images, or objects created by persons directly involved in an activity or event or speaking directly for a group. This is information before it has been analyzed, interpreted, commented upon, or repackaged. Examples include paintings, interviews, works of fiction, scientific research, sales receipts, speeches, letters, e-mails, and others.

Secondary sources interpret, analyze or summarize.

Commentary upon, or analysis of, events, ideas, or primary sources. They are often written long after events by people not directly involved, but who are experts on the subject. They may provide historical context or critical perspectives. Examples include biographies, theses, historical research, and more.