A FEW WORDS
► Globalization is viewed as a long term process rather than a phenomenon that emerged in the last decades or even century. It is an old phenomenon started since civilization began communicating and interacting with one another via different means.
 
► Globalization is a commutative process since the time of maritime exploration and adventures, salve trade colonization and exchange of labor and capital inputs, whether forced or voluntary.
 
► Globalization emerges from technological revolution that started near the end of previous century which culminated into the present explosion of information technological that is-called “Brain Industry”. The new “knowledge industry” and the interconnected dynamic webs are vital enhancing globalization in recent years.
 
► Globalization is seen as an outcome of the new economic order, the end of the Cold War, growth and prosperity as former “Central Intelligence Agency” head” George Bush” declared. The failure of the former Soviet Union, East Germany, and order command economies encouraged proponents of international free trade and international financial actions.
On the other hand a decade after, as multilateral agencies and international economic cooperation organizations have permanently established free trade agreements and undertook new financial treaties to a considerable number of individuals, non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and social movements have declared the negative socioeconomic destruction by globalization, specially in the light of last Asian and Russian currency crises.
 
► “Globalization is a commutative, cumulative process. This process is being institutionalized and assisted by an international policy of “Openness” and enforced by international agreements on trade and capital movements. So, globalization reduces governments traditional role in managing their states”.
6- Globalization is the process of growing economic interdependence of countries in the international economy. This occurs through increasing the volume and variety of cross-border trade in goods and services, higher international financial flows, more rapid diffusion of technology and institutional linkages between firms in different countries.
 
► Globalization is not only an economic phenomenon it comprises political, social, and cultural aspects. An example is the global TVs networks, internet …etc. and satellites, which can end by affecting cultural traditions.
Progress in computing and telecommunication technologies which reduced the costs of processing and exchanging information were considered the main causes for globalization.
 
More Resources:
► Coe, David T.(2002) "The Missing Globalization Puzzle” (Washington D.C.: IMF)
► Masson, Paul (2001) "Globalization: Facts and Figures" IMF Policy Discussion Paper (New York: IMF)
► Köhler, Horst (2003) Toward a Better Globalization Inaugural Lecture on the Occasion of the Honorary Professorship Award at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen. (Tübingen: Eberhard Karls University)
► International Monetary Fund (2000) Globalization: Threat or Opportunity? (Washington: IMF)
► Janeba, Eckhard and Guttorm Schjeldrup (2002) "The Future of Globalization: Tax Competition and Trade Liberalization" World Development Report 2003 Background Paper (New York : World Bank)
► Chang, Ha-Joon(2003) Globalization, Economic Development, and the Role of the State (New York : Zed Books)
► Abdalla, Ismail-Sabri (1999) Main Features of Today's World. Third World Forum (Cairo:Third World Forum)
► Waters, Malcolm (1995) Globalization (New York: Routledge)
► Lechner Frank J. and John Boli(2000) The Globalization Reader (Malden, MA : Blackwell)
► Held,David (2000) A Globalizing World?: Culture, Economics, Politics (ed.) (New York: Routledge in association with the Open University)
► Bende_Nabende, Anthony (2002) Globalization, FDI, Regional Integration and Sustainable Development: Theory, Evidence, and Policy (Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, USA: Ashgate)