Unionization is found a response to several economic and social aspects mainly to protect union members against critical situation such as negative consequences of globalization.

The highest union density is found in northern Europe— Denmark, Finland, Norway ,and Sweden, where women’s participation as workers and as union officials is the greatest. Women are making up an increasing share of union membership, especially in services, with the most impressive figures found in Denmark. The proportions of women in union leadership positions are also increasing in Germany, Portugal ,Italy ,the Netherlands, France and England.