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An important area of research is
the impact of trade on gender-based wage
discrimination.
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It
has been argued that the terms and conditions of
women employment in developing countries have
benefited from economic change and liberalization
and that improvements appear to occur at a more
accelerated pace than in developed countries during
their industrialization.
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With
globalization, an overall improvement in the position
of women in the labor market occur resulting from
increases in female relative pay within sectors,
particularly manufacturing.
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Wage
discrimination result from a strong, positive
relationship between the size of the discriminatory
gap in male and female wages and the level of female
education in the population. Most educated women are
absorbed into low-wage parts of the manufacturing
sector such as clothing.
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Many
countries exchange male labor in the export
industries –and especially in the weaving, textiles
and ready-made clothes sectors –for female labor,
because women accept work at average wages that are
lower and work for longer hours and without any
rights to insurance, in view of the nature of the
contractual arrangements in the form of informal or
temporary or part-time work.
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This tendency appears clearly in
the “feminization of jobs” in the cases of Morocco
and Tunisia, where a number of low-wage jobs have
been created in the export-oriented industries
(World Bank 1995:116).
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International
institutions believe, that an increase in the
decline of real wages will push these countries to
provide more jobs, support their competitive
capacities and bring about growth.
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