Table

Employment Prospects for Females in Education in Egypt,
with special Emphasis on Technical Education.
Statistics

* Including El-Azhar students
Source: Institute of National Planning (INP), Egypt Human Development Report (EHDR),1998/99.

Table (5):Secondary Education: No. of Schools, Classes and Students

Item	*2000/99	99/98	98/97	97/96	96/95	95/94	94/93
Technical Education
No. of Schools	1826	1767	1729	1668	1334	1308	1253
No. of Classes	52521	51264	49631	49152	45088	47495	42379
Number of Students
Both Sex	1913022	1852332	1793128	1788394	1672580	1797308	1627288
Male	1034476	1010556	985147	985955	916140	969405	879357
Female	878546	841776	807981	802439	756440	827903	747931
Average Number of Student Per Class	36	36	36	36	37	38	38

*Three School Year

Source: CAPMAS. 2001. “The Statistical Year Book, 1993-2000” Centeral Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, A.R.E.

Table (6): Distribution of Technical Schools By Governorates

No.	Education Section	Industrial			Agricultural			Commercial
		School	Classes	Students	School	Classes	Students	Schools	Classes	Students
1	Cairo	73	2021	65087	0	0	0	130	2440	9867
2	Alexandria	24	890	31482	2	98	3325	48	942	8
3	Behera	57	2194	80201	9	345	12406	54	1249	3501
4	Gharbia	29	1475	55845	8	265	11466	60	1364	3
5	Kafr El-Sheikh	15	842	29606	7	221	8310	34	1136	6984
6	Menoufia	41	1352	45876	8	244	8392	51	1286	4
7	Kalyubia	36	1312	48723	10	224	8069	51	1171	2870
8	Dakahlia	65	2114	76299	18	410	14162	71	1817	5
9	Damietta	23	497	15214	4	86	3077	17	357	3724
10	Sharkia	45	2080	72402	13	449	15912	57	1552	4
11	Port Said	13	370	10130	1	12	401	13	252	-
12	Ismailia	18	288	8252	7	222	7464	16	326	-
13	Suez	10	319	10959	1	22	539	7	164	7905
14	Giza	28	795	28222	5	117	4579	74	1647	4
15	Fayoum	19	941	33502	3	173	6585	19	630	3593
16	Beni Suef	23	827	23770	6	270	9160	18	578	4
17	Menya	23	1219	43349	7	531	12772	29	851	981
18	Assuit	18	706	26222	8	354	7339	29	894	7
19	Sohag	23	1043	38667	7	201	17590	33	939	571
20	Qena	41	860	33581	11	454	2558	16	797	1
21	Luxor	6	164	5560	2	62	6976	6	160	8111
22	Aswan	25	509	17894	3	181	0	19	423	5
23	Martrouh	4	71	2273	0	0	2037	8	60	6762
24	New Valley	8	101	3164	4	63	0	3	39	9724
25	Red Sea	11	105	3140	0	0	702	8	52	5221
26	North Sinai	9	236	4962	2	29	98	9	86	9816
27	South Sinai	2	16	385	1	3	0	3	16	6
	Total	699	3347	814767	147	5036	181411	883	1248	3944

Source: Specialist National Councils, National Council for Education, Scientific Research and Technology Report, 27^th Round 1999-2000.

Table No (7):Number of Students for Mobarak /Kohl Project Vocations for all Industrial Schools (1998/99)

Governrate	No.	School	Industrial Machines	Industrial Electronics	Automatic & Heavy Machines	Garments	Textile	Leather Produc-ts	Electric Installations	Health fittings	Total
Cairo	1		0	0	44	0	0	0	22	0	66
	2		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	22	22
Alexandria	3		0	0	45	0	0	0	20	20	85
	4		86	83	0	43	0	0	0	0	212
Menoufia	5		195	202	0	0	0	0	0	0	397
Sharkia	6		0	0	0	121	126	25	0	0	272
	7		210	214	0	0	0	0	0	0	424
	8		0	0	45	0	0	0	0	0	45
Ismailia	9		0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
	10		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20
Giza	11		69	69	0	88	0	00	0	0	138
	12		250	188	139	0	0	0	45	0	710
Beni Suef	13		0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30
	14		0	0	0	0	0	00	0	30	30
Assuit	15		0	0	21	0	0	0	25	0	46
Sohag	16		68	68	0	0	0	0	0	0	136
Qena	17		70	69	0	0	0	0	25	25	189
Aswan	18		0	0	20	0	0	0	20	0	40
	19		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20
Total			948	893	314	252	126	25	207	127	2902

Source: Specialist National Council for Education, Scientific Research and Technology Report, 27^th Round 1999-2000.

Source: Information and Computer Department. 2001. “Pre-University Education Statistics” Ministry for Education.

Source: Information and Computer Department. 2001. “Pre-University Education Statistics” Ministry for Education.

Table (10):Unemployment of Individuals Aged (15-64 age) By Educational Status & by Gender in Egypt,1998

Nassar, Heba. (2001). “Overview of the Labor Market Documentation Case Study: Greater Cairo Region” Mubarak- Kohl Initivative and Ministry of Education, Report.

Table (11): Rate of growth of Employment by Occupations, Economic Activities, Sector and Gender, Egypt, 1990-98

Table (12): Growth of the Private Sector Non-Agricultural Wage Work by Protection Status and Sex, 1988-98.

Source: Assad, R. (1999)."The Transformation of the Egyptian Labor Market 1988-1998", Paper presented at the conference on Labor Market and Human Resource Development in Egypt, November 29-30,Cairo, Egypt.

Table (13): Distribution of Occupations, Economic Activities and Work status by gender, Egypt

Source: Ministry of Manpower, (2002). “ Study on Labor Demand in Egypt 2001-2005”.

Source: Ministry of Manpower. (2002). “ Study on Labour Demand in Egypt 2001-2005”.

Rural population (as % of total)		1960	62.0
		1996	57.4
Population with access to health services (%)	Urban	1998	100.0
	Rural	1998	99.0
Households with access to piped water (%)	Urban	1999	99.0
	Rural	1999	75.9
Household with access to sanitation (%)	Urban	1999	99.2
	Rural	1999	89.6
Literacy rate (15+) (%)	Urban	1998	72.1
	Rural	1998	45.9
Rural-urban disparity	Health	1998	99.0
	Water	1999	76.7
	Sanitation	1999	90.3
	Literacy	1999	63.7

Life expectancy at birth	1998	103.2
Population	1998	95.4
Literacy (15+)	1960	30.0
	1998	65.9
Primary enrolment*	1960/61	62.0
	1998/99	84.5
Preparatory enrollment	1998/99	84.5
Tertiary enrollment	1998/99	85.9
Labor Force	1998/99	76.1
	1996	18.0

	Public		Private		Total
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
General Secondary	487162	503861	51679	44801	538841	548662
Industrial Secondary	584507	306965	1593	1902	586100	308867
Agricultural Secondary	159937	43496	0	0	159937	43496
Commercial Secondary	313822	532487	44981	61770	358803	594257

	General Secondary	Industrial Secondary	Agricultural Secondary	Commercial Secondary
Public Education	50.84	34.43	15.8	62.92
Private Education	46.85	54.42	27.00	57.65
Total	50.45	34.51	21.38	62.35

	Male	Female	Total
Illiteracy	1	0.15	0.56
Read & Write	1.51	0.26	0.86
Under Intermediate	1.93	0.7	1.3
Intermediate	67.23	73.45	70.42
Upper Intermediate – under Uni.	8.69	8.96	8.83
University and above	19.64	16.49	18.02
Unidentified	0	0	0
Total	100	100	100

Age Categories (years)	Illiteracy Rate for Females
Age Categories (years)	1976	1986	1996
10-24	55	41	28
25-44	79	73	59
45-64	88	86	79
65+	92	93	91
Total	71	63	51

	1981/1982			2000/2001
Before School	Female Students %	Male Students %	Gender Gap %	Female Students %	Male Students %	Gender Gap %
Before primary	1	1	0	13	13	0
Primary	65	79	14	96	103	7
Preparatory	49	74	25	94	100	6
Secondary	37	55	8	68	69	1

Rate of Growth of Employment by Occupations
Occupations	Male	Female	Total
Professional	6.06	3.6	5.32
Administrative	-0.46	-1.06	-0.55
Clerical	6.12	4	5.33
Sales	5.88	0.23	4.89
Services	2.9	5.44	3.126
Agricultural	-0.11	-8.9	-3.314
Production & Trans.	1.33	-9	0.284
Unidentified	-20	0	0
Total	2.2	4.75	0.41
Rate of Growth of Employment by Economic Activities
Economic Activities	Male	Female	Total
Agricultural	-0.01	-8.79	-3.19
Mining	-3.78	1.74	-3.52
Manufacturing	2.28	-6.99	0.67
Electricity	7.2	6.47	7.14
Construction	2	-11.6	1.44
Trade	4.9	0.01	4.1
Transportation	2.6	-4.69	2.1
Finance & Insurance	6.1	-2.25	4.3
Social Services	4.47	5.08	4.6
Unidentified	-19.64	-19.5	-19.6
Total	2.2	-4.75	0.41
Rate of Growth of Employment by Sector
Sector	Male	Female	Total
Government	6.8	7.09	4.3
Public	-3.14	-8.16	-2.32
Private(inside Enterprise)	-7.43	-15.8	-6.33
Private (Outside Enterprise )	33	53.4	22.3
Investment	5.6	-0.45	-10.9
Other	-10.3	-13.6	-6.99
Unidentified	-20	-20	-12.5
Total	4.09	-4.26	1.21

Distribution of Occupations by Gender
	Male %	Female %	Total %
Legislature, administrative and managerial occupation	10.96	5.39	9.92
Professional and technicians	18.15	35.07	21.32
Clerical occupations	5.17	10.73	6.22
Services& sales occupations	10.73	8.27	10.27
Farmers, fishers and hunters	26.75	31.50	27.64
Handicrafts occupation	17.14	5.36	14.93
Production	8.12	2.66	7.10
Un-skilled workers	2.96	1.03	2.60
Unidentified	0.01	-	0.01
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
Distribution of Economic Activities by Gender
	Male %	Female %	Total %
Agriculture & hunting	27.96	46.83	28.70
Mining &quarrying	0.34	0.05	0.28
Manufacturing	13.94	14.48	13.18
Electric, gas& water	1.38	0.87	1.24
Construction	9.55	0.95	7.88
Wholesale and retail trade and repairing	12.80	13.01	12.06
Hotels& restaurant	1.89	1.98	1.79
Transportation& storage	7.49	1.90	6.33
Financial mediation	1.06	1.94	1.11
Real estate and business services	1.76	1.5	1.63
Public Defense	9.49	15.87	9.74
Education	7.80	32.85	10.53
Health and social work	1.87	12.90	3.17
Community, social and personal services	2.45	1.08	1.53
Domestic personal services	0.21	0.43	0.23
International and national organizations and foreign embassies	N.A	N.A	N.A
Activities not adequately described	0.01	-	0.01
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
Distribution of Work status by Gender
	Male (%)	Female(%)	Total(%)
Paid Worker	60.37	64.36	61.12
Employer	18.31	5.91	15.99
Self -Employed	12.41	7.74	11.53
Family workers (unpaid)	8.91	21.99	11.36
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00

Occupations	No. of Employment Opportunities( 2001/2005)
Accountant	2202
Architecture Engineering	1052
Assistant administrative	2454
Assistant dentist	214
Assistant Physician	356
Babysitter	436
Baker	2330
Sewing related activities	2360
Bridge engineering	162
Building Keepers	2764
Cashier	408
Chemical engineering	700
Chocolate industry workers	414
Civil Engineering	252
Cleaning worker	9878
Clerical	2394
Cloth workers	3624
Cookers	684
Electricity engineering	368
Electronic Engineering	1286
Financial managers	166
Hair dressing	996
Handmade dress workers	10564
Hotels & restaurant manager	126
Lawyers	188
Machine Workers	13064
Members of university professors	212
Others	6424
Peddlers	1784
Pharmacist	634
Photographers	184
Physicians	4392
Programmers	702
Sales and marketing managers	104
Salesgirls	5540
Secretaries	908
Service supervisors	1099
Shoes repairing	138
Smoke preparation	490
Specialist	3316
System designer and analyst	398
Teacher for Preparatory School	3090
Teacher for Secondary School	3922
Teacher of primary School	12217
Technician and Specialist assistant	9626
Textile industry workers	372
Tourism Guide	822
Tricot and textile workers	1684
Waitress	3658

Distribution of the Required Women Needs by Economic Sectors
Agriculture & Hunting	740	0.6
Mining & quarrying	122	0.1
Manufacturing	55164	43.4
Construction	886	0.7
Retail, Wholesale trade	12892	10.2
Hotels & Restaurant	8442	6.6
Storage & Transportation	5486	4.3
Electricity and Gas	-	-
Financial Mediation	1150	0.9
Real Estate, Rental, Defense and Business Services	2796	2.2
Education	21478	17
Health	15078	11.9
Society Services	2728	2.1
Total	126962	100

	Male	Female	Total
Protected/Regular	5.6	1.1	4.8
Unprotected/Regular	7.5	3.6	7
Irregular(Protected)	3.5	-1.4	3.3
Total	5.9	2.3	5.5